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Talk & Tour: Designing a Low-Maintenance Garden for Clay Soil

By: Jennifer Howell Jennifer Howell
Joyce Ludlow shares her experience designing a garden from scratch and making the most of her sloping yard with clay soil. Meet her favorite easy-care plants and why they’ve earned a spot in her garden!

Easy curb appeal

As you walk up the sidewalk to Joyce and Dave Ludlow’s Iowa front door, you know that you’ll find a gardener here. This beautifully manicured zone 5 garden is filled with plants carefully chosen for their ease of maintenance and combined for long-lasting interest. As she adds plants and redesigns beds, Joyce’s goal is to keep the garden manageable so she can continue to enjoy her beloved hobby for years to come. Enjoy our summer garden tour with Joyce in the Talk & Tour video above and keep reading to learn more about this lovely property.

Ludlow curb appeal front bed: Wraparound garden  A professionally installed retaining wall levels up a slight slope and creates this 30-foot-long bed curving around the front porch and softens the lines of the house. At about 12 inches, the ledge is wide enough for sitting or kneeling while working in the bed.

Create a view from the front porch

When the Ludlows moved in, the front yard contained only a grouping of ‘Green Velvet’ boxwoods (Buxus hybrid). The couple had the retaining wall in the photo above built to surround the front porch with a spacious border that would lend curb appeal to the house without obstructing the view of the street. Now they can sit on the porch with a cup of coffee and feel a part of the garden while still seeing passing neighbors.

For several years, Joyce grew roses in this bed until chronic Japanese beetle infestations caused her to throw in the towel. She dug them out and planted panicle hydrangeas (Hydrangea paniculata), birchleaf spirea (Spiraea betulifolia) and barberry (Berberis thunbergii), which are naturally globe shaped and need only a light trim every spring to maintain a compact habit. They form the structural base of a planting that includes reliable perennials, such as lamb’s ear and three cultivars of allium (Allium hybrids), which can take this south-facing hot spot without complaint.

Joyce Ludlow porch and front garden bed with hydrangea standard: Rich burgundy contrasting foliage of 'Concorde' barberry lends depth to this bed paired with the silvery mounds of lambs' ear and chartreuse sweet potato vine. 'Concorde' is a sterile cultivar, so it won't reseed like other barberries that are considered invasive.

Plant drought-tolerant annuals

In addition, Joyce plants drought-tolerant annuals because she prefers not to spend all of her time watering in summer. These include Meteor Shower® verbena (Verbena bonariensis), Skyscraper Pink salvia (Salvia hybrid), Senorita Rosalita spider flower (Cleome hybrid), and Sweet Caroline Sweetheart Lime sweet potato vine (Ipomoea batatas). She likes their long-lasting color and somewhat loose, casual habit. And when they’re planted tightly between perennials, they help deter weeds and reduce the need for mulch.

Ludlow 'Limelight' panicle hydrangea standard: A panicle hydrangea shrub trained into a tree form adds a unique shape to the bed and allows other plants to be planted under its canopy. Look for one that’s already trained into a standard at your local nursery or garden center.

Using repetition in the garden

Many of these plants are repeated throughout Joyce’s garden. She likes the continuity of color and texture that ties all the beds together, and you will see them in this full-sun front yard foundation planting, as well as in the backyard. Lamb’s ear (Stachys byzantina) is a particular favorite — this dense ground cover fills in quickly, smothers weeds, only needs to be cut back in the spring so maintenance is minimal, and is easy to divide and spread around.

Joyce favors flowers and foliage in the pink, lavender, silver, white and chartreuse shades. In the front yard, this palette blends with the neutral tones of the house and subtly makes the full-sun garden feel cooler.


Ludlow island bed: This island bed lined with arborvitae is a special garden space with an angel statue and bench placed in memory of Joyce's father.

A serene garden scene

Next to the driveway, Joyce and Dave carved out an island bed and edged it with concrete pavers. A line of arborvitaes (Thuja occidentalis) screens the neighbor’s driveway and gives the spot a bit of privacy. It is especially pretty in spring when daffodils (Narcissus spp. and hybrids), moss phlox (Phlox subulata) and other spring-blooming bulbs fill the bed with color. Under the Japanese lilac (Syringa reticulata), Joyce placed a bench and an angel statue in memory of her father. Creating the bed was a source of comfort for her after his passing.

Tough-as-nails plants for clay soil

In full sun with hard clay soil, this bed can be inhospitable for many plants in the hottest part of summer. In addition, the maturing trees’ roots compete for water and make digging to plant around them difficult. Joyce has found a good mix of tough-as-nails survivors, including allium, ground cover and tall sedums (Hylotelephium spp. and hybrids), calamint (Calamintha nepeta) and perennial geranium (Geranium spp. and hybrids). Though they thrive, Joyce notes the plants in this bed are not as big and are slower to flower than the same plants repeated elsewhere in her garden.

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Joyce Ludlow aerial patio view: Curves add interest The perfect circle patio and the curving bed shapes around it make for a beautiful combination, especially when viewed from the second-story deck.

Create a restful patio

Faced with a steep slope from the house to the back of the property, the Ludlows brought in truckloads of soil to level a portion of the backyard so it would be more usable (and to keep the kids’ sports balls from rolling down the hill). Joyce worked with a landscaper to design the 13-foot circular patio in the photo above and install the hardscaping. Initially, she wanted a firepit in the center with seating. But Joyce found that she prefers the harmonious feel of the open, circular space without clutter — a calm, centered place to spend a few quiet moments.

The 2-foot-tall tumbled concrete block wall encloses the patio for a cozier feel. An arc of Bobo panicle hydrangeas (Hydrangea paniculata) and ‘Autumn Frost’ hostas (Hosta hybrid) fill up the 3-foot-wide space between it and the circular patio. These plants are more reliable bloomers in this zone 5 garden than their predecessors, a row of bigleaf hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla). A few of those remain along the wall of the house on the opposite side of the circle. They only get one or two blooms a year, but Joyce likes them more for the lush green foliage that gives your eye a place to rest.

Warm up the shade

Joyce prefers a cool color palette, saying that red and orange “make you feel hotter in the sun.” But then she discovered coral bells (Heuchera hybrid) and became a fan of adding these warm colors in the shade. She sprinkles her favorite cultivar, ‘Caramel’, around to brighten the borders even when there are no flowers.

Ludlow patio and birdbath: From cool shade to warm sun Though shaded most of the day, this side of the bed receives late afternoon sun, allowing Joyce to grow allium, sedum and lamb’s ear.

Clay soil no more

Between the corner of the house and the stairs leading to the second-story deck is a bed Joyce lovingly calls “the clay garden.” The ‘Pinky Winky’ and Bobo panicle hydrangeas planted here were always chlorotic, suffering in the unforgiving clay. Once she started topdressing with compost every fall, Joyce noticed how much the soil improved and was easier to work in. She also collects leaves each year, puts them in plastic bags, pokes holes in the bags, then tucks them behind the plants all winter. By spring, the leaves have broken down into a nice mulch that she spreads around on the bed. It has made such a difference in the soil there that the hydrangeas are not yellowed anymore. “I’ve got to stop calling it the clay garden!” she laughs.


Include plants with long-lasting appeal

Joyce plans to work in her garden until she is “a ripe old age,” and ease of care is increasingly top of mind. She knows that gardening is “the healthiest for your attitude, mentally and physically. If you want a de-stresser, plant a garden!

Joyce’s favorite low-maintenance plants

As you walk through Joyce’s garden, you’ll notice many of the same perennials and shrubs in different spots. She chooses plants that remain attractive even when not in bloom, and looks for varieties that don’t require much maintenance. Check out the gallery below to meet a few of her favorites.

‘Millenium’ allium (Allium hybrid)

‘Millenium’ allium (Allium hybrid)

Perennial; rosy purple, globe-shaped blooms in early to late summer above clumps of grassy foliage; full sun to part shade; 12 to 18 in. tall and wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8

Joyce’s favorite feature: “It has beautiful foliage all the time, and the flowers look good even after they turn brown.”

Glow Girl spirea (Spiraea betulifolia)

Glow Girl spirea (Spiraea betulifolia)

Shrub; white flower clusters in spring above chartreuse foliage; full sun to part shade; 3 to 4 ft. tall and wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8

Joyce's favorite feature: “I love the chartreuse color and low maintenance — I don’t even care if it blooms!”

‘Caramel’ coral bells (Heuchera hybrid)

‘Caramel’ coral bells (Heuchera hybrid)

Perennial; pink flower spikes in early summer over mounds of bronze foliage; full sun to part shade; 9 to 18 in. tall, 12 to 24 in. wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 4 to 9

Joyce’s favorite feature: “I love the warm color, and it doesn’t heave in the winter.”

Invincibelle Limetta® smooth hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens)

Invincibelle Limetta® smooth hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens)

Shrub; lime-green to white summer flowers age to darker green by fall; full sun to part shade; 3 to 4 ft. tall and wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 3 to 8

Joyce’s favorite feature: “Flowers remain chartreuse from July through October in part sun.”

'Royal Purple' smokebush (Cotinus coggygria)

'Royal Purple' smokebush (Cotinus coggygria)

Shrub; smoky pink blooms in early summer; full sun; 10 to 15 feet tall and 15 to 20 feet wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8

How to get this look: After it blooms in early summer, Joyce cuts the shrub back, deadheading the blooms and removing about a third of the stem. This leaves the woody structure at the bottom of the shrub but encourages red new growth that catches the late afternoon light at the top. In early spring, she prunes suckers and removes some of the lower branches so she can see the multitrunked base and plants growing underneath.

‘Helen von Stein’ lamb’s ear (also sold as ‘Big Ears’) (Stachys byzantina)

‘Helen von Stein’ lamb’s ear (also sold as ‘Big Ears’) (Stachys byzantina)

Perennial; large silver fuzzy leaves and few flowers; full sun; 8 to 12 in. tall, 12 to 18 in. wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 4 to 9 

Joyce's favorite feature: “It’s a lifesaver in tough spots.”

Bobo panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata)

Bobo panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata)

Shrub; white summer flowers age to soft pink in fall; full sun to part shade; 30 to 36 in. tall, 36 to 48 in. wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 3 to 8

Joyce’s favorite feature: “It’s so versatile. I can grow it in full sun, in part shade and even in clay soil.”

‘Green Velvet’ boxwood (Buxus hybrid)

‘Green Velvet’ boxwood (Buxus hybrid)

Shrub; insignificant creamy green flowers in spring on evergreen foliage; full sun to part shade; 2 to 4 ft. tall and wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 5 to 9

Joyce’s favorite feature: “Naturally round and easy to maintain.”

‘Curly Fries’ hosta (Hosta hybrid)

‘Curly Fries’ hosta (Hosta hybrid)

Perennial; lavender flower spikes in midsummer rise above clumps of ripple-edged leaves; part to full shade; 6 to 10 in. tall, 16 in. in bloom, 16 to 20 in. wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 3 to 9

Joyce’s favorite feature: “Their foliage brings a phenomenal flowy texture to the garden.”

‘Millenium’ allium (Allium hybrid)

‘Millenium’ allium (Allium hybrid)

Perennial; rosy purple, globe-shaped blooms in early to late summer above clumps of grassy foliage; full sun to part shade; 12 to 18 in. tall and wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8

Joyce’s favorite feature: “It has beautiful foliage all the time, and the flowers look good even after they turn brown.”

‘Helen von Stein’ lamb’s ear (also sold as ‘Big Ears’) (Stachys byzantina)

‘Helen von Stein’ lamb’s ear (also sold as ‘Big Ears’) (Stachys byzantina)

Perennial; large silver fuzzy leaves and few flowers; full sun; 8 to 12 in. tall, 12 to 18 in. wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 4 to 9 

Joyce's favorite feature: “It’s a lifesaver in tough spots.”

Glow Girl spirea (Spiraea betulifolia)

Glow Girl spirea (Spiraea betulifolia)

Shrub; white flower clusters in spring above chartreuse foliage; full sun to part shade; 3 to 4 ft. tall and wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8

Joyce's favorite feature: “I love the chartreuse color and low maintenance — I don’t even care if it blooms!”

Bobo panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata)

Bobo panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata)

Shrub; white summer flowers age to soft pink in fall; full sun to part shade; 30 to 36 in. tall, 36 to 48 in. wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 3 to 8

Joyce’s favorite feature: “It’s so versatile. I can grow it in full sun, in part shade and even in clay soil.”

‘Caramel’ coral bells (Heuchera hybrid)

‘Caramel’ coral bells (Heuchera hybrid)

Perennial; pink flower spikes in early summer over mounds of bronze foliage; full sun to part shade; 9 to 18 in. tall, 12 to 24 in. wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 4 to 9

Joyce’s favorite feature: “I love the warm color, and it doesn’t heave in the winter.”

‘Green Velvet’ boxwood (Buxus hybrid)

‘Green Velvet’ boxwood (Buxus hybrid)

Shrub; insignificant creamy green flowers in spring on evergreen foliage; full sun to part shade; 2 to 4 ft. tall and wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 5 to 9

Joyce’s favorite feature: “Naturally round and easy to maintain.”

Invincibelle Limetta® smooth hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens)

Invincibelle Limetta® smooth hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens)

Shrub; lime-green to white summer flowers age to darker green by fall; full sun to part shade; 3 to 4 ft. tall and wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 3 to 8

Joyce’s favorite feature: “Flowers remain chartreuse from July through October in part sun.”

‘Curly Fries’ hosta (Hosta hybrid)

‘Curly Fries’ hosta (Hosta hybrid)

Perennial; lavender flower spikes in midsummer rise above clumps of ripple-edged leaves; part to full shade; 6 to 10 in. tall, 16 in. in bloom, 16 to 20 in. wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 3 to 9

Joyce’s favorite feature: “Their foliage brings a phenomenal flowy texture to the garden.”

'Royal Purple' smokebush (Cotinus coggygria)

'Royal Purple' smokebush (Cotinus coggygria)

Shrub; smoky pink blooms in early summer; full sun; 10 to 15 feet tall and 15 to 20 feet wide; cold hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8

How to get this look: After it blooms in early summer, Joyce cuts the shrub back, deadheading the blooms and removing about a third of the stem. This leaves the woody structure at the bottom of the shrub but encourages red new growth that catches the late afternoon light at the top. In early spring, she prunes suckers and removes some of the lower branches so she can see the multitrunked base and plants growing underneath.

Product Recommendations

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